plant body
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What are the three tissues in the plant body?
Dermal, ground, vascular
How are tissues arranged in a plant leaf?
• Dermal: Forms the outer covering. • Ground: Main internal tissue. • Vascular: Embedded within the ground tissue. Tissue arrangement depends on the organ, plant type (taxon), or both.
What is the modular structure of the plant body?
• Internode: Space between nodes. • Node: Point where leaves and buds grow. • Leaf: Photosynthetic organ. Axillary Bud: Can grow into a branch or flower.
What is the role of dermal tissue, and what specialized cells are found in it?
• Functions: Protection, water retention, selective absorption. • Specialized Cells: Guard cells (control stomata for gas exchange) Trichomes (hair-like structures for protection) Root hairs (increase water absorption).
What are the 3 types of ground tissue cells and their functions?
• Parenchyma: Photosynthesis, storage (found in leaves, pith, and fruit flesh). • Collenchyma: Flexible support in growing parts (e.g., celery strings). • Sclerenchyma: Rigid support due to thick, lignified walls.
What are the roles of xylem and phloem in vascular tissue?
• Xylem: Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves. • Phloem: Transports sugars and nutrients throughout the plant. Vascular tissue forms a continuous network for transport and signaling.
How is the basic plant body established during embryogenesis?
• Polarity: Establishes apical-basal (top-bottom) and radial (inner-outer) orientation. • Tissue Specification: Differentiation of dermal, ground, and vascular tissues. • Organ Formation: Initial organs form in the embryo, but most develop after germination.
What are meristems, and how do they enable plant growth?
• Meristems: Stem cells that divide to form new tissues. • Primary Meristems: Shoot Apical Meristem (SAM): New shoots and leaves. Root Apical Meristem (RAM): New roots. • Post-embryonic growth: Meristems produce organs (leaves, branches, flowers) after germination.
What are the 2 main processes in plant growth?
• Cell Division: Occurs in meristems to form new cells. • Cell Expansion: Cells grow by absorbing water, increasing cell size.
What are the 3 main types of growth in plants?
• Polarized Growth: Along the main axis (through SAM and RAM). • Secondary Growth: From axillary meristems (branching growth). • Radial Growth: Lateral meristems increase stem width (e.g., wood formation).