Unit A - Studying People Scientifically
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What problems do we solve everyday?
What to wear/eat, etc.
What can you do to solve a problem?
• develop a plan • find a pattern • draw a picture or a diagram • act out the problem • make a list • guess and test • work backward • write an equation • construct a table or graph • simplify the problem • use objects to model the problem
Do scientists in the same field frequently use the same methods?
YES!!
How many out of the 11 prisoners experimented on developed Pellagra from being fed poorly?
7/11
What is a clinical trial?
Products such as medicines are tested by volunteers before they are made available to the public. These tests are known as clinical trials
Why is a placebo group included in the trial?
To see if the medicine actually works.
Do side effects occur from medicine?
YES!
What does FDA stand for?
Food and Drug Administration
What does the FDA do?
Approves medicine proven to be safe and effective
What must medicines do to be approved by the FDA?
Must undergo and pass many scientific tests
New medicine is usually first tested on–
Animals
What must the result of a clinical trial show for a medicine to be approved?
It is both safe and effective for the public
How are volunteers chosen for clinical trials?
Carefully; must not be allergic, cannot be taking any other medications
What do the volunteers sign?
An Informed Consent form
What does the Informed Consent form do?
That they have acknowledged the effects and possible outcomes and agree to test it
The volunteers are divided into how many groups?
Two
One group receives the ______________ while the other receives a __________w___
actual medicine; placebo
What does the placebo medicine contain?
An inactive ingredient like sugar
What does the placebo do?
Proves that the medicine is actually working
What is one explanation for why the placebo effect works?
People who continuously get clinical treatment are more likely to report feeling better, even if nothing is done because they will likely watch their diet and exercise more
Does the placebo always do its job? Provide an example.
No, some scientists argue vitamin c helps, others say it is all a placebo
Useful science experiments are often designed to test how many variables?
One
What does the nervous system include?
The brain, spinal cord, and nerves
What are nerves made out of?
Nerve cells/neurons