Titration
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What is volumetric analysis?
A versatile form of quantitative chemical analysis
What is the purpose of volumetric analysis?
To use an accurately known volume and concentration of one solution to find accurate concentration of a second
What does volumetric analysis involve?
The careful measurement of volumes of solutions
What is the measuring device used in titrations?
A burette
Define volumetric analysis.
Analysis of a solution (Solution A) through incremental addition of a reagent solution (solution B) until the reaction is complete
What are the two main applications of titrations?
Determining purity Determining concentration
What are the four types of titrations?
Acid-base Complexometric Redox Precipitation
What is an analyte?
The substance being analysed
What is a titrant?
Solution in the burette
What does a titration measure?
The volume of one reagent required to react with a measured mass or volume of another reagent
What is a titration used for?
To determine the amount of acid or base present in a sample
What is an indicator used forf?
To signal the endpoint when
What is the purpose of a burette in a titration?
It delivers the titrant into a conical flask
What is the definition for a titration?
An analytical procedure whereby we react a known volume of solution of known concentration with a known volume of a solution of unknown concentration
What chemical is placed in the burette?
The chemical of known concentration
What is placed in the conical flask?
A specific volume of the unknown with the indicator
What is a standard solution?
A solution of known concentration
What is a primary standard?
A standard solution which has been prepared by accurately weighing out a pure compound and using it to make a solution of known volume
What is a secondary standard?
A solution standardised against a primary standard
What are the five requirements for a primary standard?
It should be 100% pure Stable to drying temperatures. Stable at room temperature. Readily available and fairly inexpensive High formula (molecular) weights so that a larger weight is taken for a given number of moles Should react completely to give a sharp end point
Give an example of a primary standard for the titration of acids. (3)
Sodium carbonate TRIS Oxalic acid
Give an example of a primary standard for the titration of bases. (2)
Potassium hydrogen phthalate Potassium hydrogen iodate
Give an example of a primary standard for redox titrations.
Potassium dichromate
Give an example of a secondary standard.
Sodium Hydroxide