4.1 Covalent bonding
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What does combustion of an element mean? (give the element reacted with)
To react it with oxygen.
When drawing covalent bonding diagrams, which part of the atom do you show? [1 point]
The outermost shell
Define ‘covalent bond’. [3 points to get marks]
(A covalent bond is) the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the positive nuclei of (the) bonding atoms.
Give the two types of covalent bonding
Giant and simple molecular substances
are simple molecular substances’ boiling points high or low?
low.
Give the three listed materials of Giant covalent bonding.
diamond, graphite and silicone dioxide (common sand). Buckmisnter Fullerene? C60?
give the name for a small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
simple molecule
ive the name for the type of force holding the simple molecules together in a simple mollecular substance
weak intermollecular forces (IMFs)
as mollecular mass increases… [1 point + explanation]
so does the strength of the weak IMF. Leads to an increase in boiling point
what does electrical conductivity require? [2 points]
charges particles that can move freely.
give the ‘fancy’ name for C60
buckminster fullerene
what is diamond a form of? [2 points]
pure carbon, arranged into a giant lattice
give 2 properties of C60 [4 points - 2 point, + explain]
• soft and slippery (because molecules can roll over each other easily) • electrical insulator (neutral molecules)
give a point that represents a part of the diamons lattice:
aftf: - every C makes 4 covalent bonds - tetrahedral shape - strong, grid-like arrangement.
why does diamond sublime at a very high temperature? [3 points]
• Covalent bonds are very strong • lots of bonds in giant lattice • lots of thermal energy required to break all the bonds
what is diamond most commonly used for?
cutting
why can’t diamond conduct electricity? [2 or 3 points. not sure if the last one caounts as 1 or 2]
no free-moving particles. all atoms are neutral, so electrons are stuck inside an atom or bond.
list the three properties of graphite: [3 points + explanation]
• sublimes at a high temp (because lots of energy required to break bonds between particles) • Soft and slippery because layers can slide easily (so used as a solid lubricant) • conducts electricity because layers inside delocalised electrons can move freely
why can graphite conduct electricity? [3 points]
because every C makes only 3 covalent bonds, using 3 out of the 4 possible covalent bonds. means there are delocalised electrons that can move freely and therefore carry charge.
what is another name for silicone dioxide?
common sand.
list the four part of a silicone dioxide lattice
• every Si makes 4 covalent bonds • every O makes 2 covalent bonds • tetrahedral shape (like diamond) • storng, grid-like arrangement
why is silicone dioxide much less expenside than diamond?
because it is much less rare.
name the typ eof bonding between non-metals
covalent
name the type of bonding between metals
metallic