U1-3-1 - Bond Polarity
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Formula for phosphorus
P4
Formula for sulfur
S8
Name all covalent network elements
Boron, silicon, carbon
Pure covalent bond
A bond in which bonding electrons are shared equally. Also called ‘non-polar bond’
Polar bond
A bond in which bonding electrons are shared unequally and which has a permanent dipole.
What causes chemical bonds to be polar?
Electronegativity difference between bonding atoms. (usually ≥0.4)
How do you determine the ‘ionic character’ of a bond?
Calculate electronegativity difference. Higher ΔEN = more ionic character (bonding e- shared less evenly)
What do δ+ and δ− mean?
Delta plus/delta minus - partial charges
A compound has a low melting/boiling point and does not conduct electricity in any form. What bonding and structure does it have?
Covalent molecular
A compound has a very high melting/boiling point and does not conduct electricity in any form. What bonding and structure does it have?
Covalent network
A compound has a very high melting/boiling point and conducts electricity when molten/dissolved. What bonding and structure does it have?
Ionic (lattice)
Li+2S2− What is wrong with this ionic formula?
More than one of Li+ present, must be shown in brackets: (Li+)2S2−