Exam5 Ch23 Disorders of Ventilation & Gas Exchange

• deep and rapid respiration resulting in blood pH becoming more alkaline • increased respiratory rate w/out increased metabolism

not enough air getting into alveoli resulting in blood pH becoming more acidic

• increase in CO2 content of arterial blood • decrease in pH (respiratory acidosis) • vasodilation • depression of CNS fxn

• decrease in CO2 content of arterial blood - increase in pH (respiratory alkalosis)

increased respiratory rate/volume in response to increased metabolism

• rapid breathing - increase respiratory rate w/decreased depth

difficulty breathing

difficulty breathing in the horizontal position

cessation of breathing

bluish tinged skin

selective bulbous enlargement of distal segment of a digit, often due to diseases that interfere w/oxygenation

lower than normal levels of oxygen

lower than normal oxygen concentration (PO2) in arterial blood, decrease of oxygen to tissues

no breathing

• excess water in lung - common cause is heart disease

• air in the pleural space causes partial or complete collapse of lung

collapse of lung w/out obvious cause or injury

collapse of lung due to direct injury to chest or major airways

• injury to chest or respiratory structures allow air to enter but not leave the pleural space • life threatening

collapse or incomplete expansion of lung tissue

external pressure from a tumor, fluid, or air in the pleural space causes alveoli to collapse

removal of air from obstructed or hypoventilated alveoli or from inhalation of concentrated oxygen or anaesthetic agents

• chronic inflammatory disease characterized by wheezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, cough that is worse @ night & early morning • associated w/histaminic rxns perpetuated by the ANS

group of respiratory disorders characterized by chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in the pulmonary airways • includes: • emphysema • chronic bronchitis • bronchiectasis • hoover’s sign • cor pulmonale