ENZYMES
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enzymes are a group of what?
catalysts
function of enzymes
enhance the rate of reaction
what state do enzymes occur?
colloidal state
enzymes produced within a cell for metabolic activities
endoenzymes
enzymes that act away from the site of synthesis
exo-enzymes
name 6 general properties and factors affecting enzymes’ activity
amphoteric nature, specificity, colloidal nature, enzyme optima (temperature and ph sensitivity), concentration kf enzyme and substrate, enzyme inhibitors
what is amphoteric nature
enzymes can react with acidic and alkaline substances
what is specificity
most enzymes are specific in their action ex. single enzyme acts upon a single substrate
what is colloidal nature?
enzymes provide a large surface area for reaction
what is enzyme optima?
enzymes generally work best under narrowly defined conditions
temperature sensitivity?
enzymes are affected by change in temperature, increase in temperature=increase in activity
ph sensitivity?
intracellular enzymes function best around neutral ph
what is concentration of enzyme and substrate?
rate of concentration is proportionate to the concentration of reacting molecules ex. substrate concentration increases then enzyme action also increases
process
• substrate approaches active site • enzyme-substrate complex forms • products released • enzyme recycled
define active site
region that bibds substrates, co-factors and prosthetic groups, occupy less than 5% of area of enzyme
2 types of active sites and their definitions
binding site: chooses the substrate and binds it to the active site catalytic site: performs catalytic action of enzyme
define substrate
reactant in a biochemical reaction
define intracellular enzymes
synthesized and retained in the cell for the use of the cell itself
where are intracellular enzymes found?
cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus
what are extracellular enzymes?
synthesized in the cell but secreted from the cell to work externally
how are enzymes named?
according to the name of the substrate it catalyses
classification of enzymes is based on what
on the type of reactions catalyzed by enzymes
classification of enzymes
oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lysases, isomerases, ligases