UNIT 3: Week 4 Content
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What are common metabolic conditions
-diabetes mellitus -hypertension -dyslipidemia -obesity -metabolic syndrome
What is the definition of diabetes
-group of diseases characterized increased glucose in the blood
What is the problem with insulin in diabetes
-decreased insulin secretion -increased insulin resistance
What increases risk of diabetes
-macrovascular disease -microvascular disease -neuropathies
What is the most common type of diabetes
-type 2
What increases risk of type 2 diabetes
-age -male sex -indigenous
What are some of the consequences of diabetes
-commonly leads to nerve damage (myopathy)
What can neuropathy in the autonomic nervous system lead to
-silent ischemia
What is silent ischemia
-neuropathy impairing the typical symptoms associated with myocardial ischemia
How is diabetes diagnosed
-commonly measured by glycated hemoglobin of greater than 6.5%
What is a pre diabetes diagnosis
-high normal -risk of diabetes
What does the body do when there is a rising blood glucose level after eating
-beta cells of pancreas releases insulin into blood
What does insulin do to blood glucose
-body cells take up glucose -liver takes up glucose -blood glucose level declines to a set point
What does the body do when there is declining blood glucose such as after activity
-alpha cells of pancreas release glucagon into the blood
What does glucagon do in the body
-liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose into blood -blood glucose level rises to a set point
What happens to insulin in diabetes
-impairment in receptor on the outside of cells so the cells do not recognize insulin
What is first line management of diabetes
-lifestyle modification -medication
What can be included for lifestyle modifications for diabetes
-dietary -exercise -weight management -smoking cessation
What are medications prescribed for diabetes
-metformin -insulin
What does metformin do
-decreases insulin resistance
What is the risk level of hypoglycemia during exercise with metformin
-low
What does prescribed insulin do
-increase insulin availability
What is the risk level of hypoglycemia during exercise with prescribed insulin
-higher
How can diabetes be managed in terms of prolonged sitting
-interrupting prolonged sitting with physical activity decreases hyperglycemia