Chemical Tests

• Acidify with dilute HCl • Add Barium Chloride • White precipitate of Barium Sulphate

• Add dilute HCl • Effervesence, gas produced turns limewater cloudy

Damp red litmus paper turns from red to blue

• In seperate test tubes add dilute NaOH and dilute H2SO4 to seperate sample of Mg2+ • With OH-, white precipitate forms. • No change with sulphate ions

Brick-red

• In seperate test tubes add dilute NaOH and dilute H2SO4 to seperate samples of Ca2+ • With OH- there is white precipitate • With sulphate ions a silight white precipitate

red

• In seperate test tubes add dilute NaOH and dilute H2SO4 to seperate samples of Sr2+ • With OH- there is no visible change • With sulphate ions a white precipitate forms

Green

• In seperate test tubes add dilute NaOH and dilute H2SO4 to seperate samples of Ba2+ • With OH- there is no visible change • With sulphate ions a white precipitate forms

• Add NaOH and heat sample • Hold damp red litmus paper at test tube mouth • Litmus paper will turn from red to blue NH4(+) + OH (-) -> H2O + NH3 Alkalai ammonia turns the litmus for red to blue

• Shake with bromine water • Bromine water turns from orange to colourless

• Add NaOH and warm • Acidify with nitric acid • Add Silver Nitrate • Observe halide precipitate observations

• Add acidified potassium dichromate • Primary and secondary alcohols turns solution from orange to green • Tertiary alcohol remains orange

• Add metallic Na • Hydrogen effervesence • Squeaky pop if collected and tested with lighted splint

• Add sodium carbonate • Effervesence will occur • If collected and bubbled through limewater, limewater will turn cloudy

• Warm with fehlings solution - blue solution forms red precipitate • Warm with tollens reagent - silver mirror forms

• Acidify with dilute nitric acid and add silver nitrate • Precipitates: White - Cl-, Cream - Br-, Yellow - I-. • Add dilute ammonia - Cl- redissolves • Add conc ammonia - Br- redissolves • I- does not redissolve