APES Chapter 5 Earth Science Concepts

Archaeologists record the top layers first, followed by older, deeper layers to study ancient settlements and cities following the A) principle of original horizontality B) principle of uniformitarianism C) principle of superposition D) principle of uniformity E) principle of lateral continuity

Because he figured out that sedimentary rock must have been compacted and compressed, over many ages, \_\_\_\_ is known as the father of modern geology A) Richard Palmer B) James Hutton C) w.clayton Scott D) Nicolas steno E) Aubrey Hough

Relationships between earth layers and soil samples are described by A) tectonic time measurement B) Jurassic time measurement C) chronostatic time measurement D) continental drift E) subjective time measurement

When mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 A.D, most people were killed by A) lava B) pyroclastic flow C) volcanic rock D) poisonous volcanic gases E) the hysterical crowd running toward the sea

The umbrella theory explaining the Earth's movement, contact, and flattening of large land plates is known as A) the coriolis effect B) plate tectonics C) hot spots D) the richter magnitude scale E) the subduction zone

Watered-layered sediments that thin to nothing at a shore or the area where first deposited are the subject of the A) principle of uniformity B) principle of original horizontality C) second law of thermodynamics D) principle of superposition E) principle of lateral continuity

A volcano with little erosion and that may erupt at any time is classified as A) active B) dormant C) high risk D) sedimentary E) extinct

Vibrations in the earth caused by cracks or shifts in the underlying rock are called A) caldera B) sedimentation C) igneous activity D) faults E) seismic waves

Where two crustal plates collide and one plate is forced under the other into the mantle, it is called a A) hot spot B) pressure zone C) surface trace D) subduction zone E) sedimentary layer

The principle of uniformitarianism includes the idea that A) continental shifting and compression are possible across different regions B) energy can neither be created nor destroyed C) volcanoes can erupt even when quiet for 200 years D) population growth is slow and the birth rate drops it around the death rate E) primary consumers (I.e herbivores) consume plants and algae

A huge layer of rock that drifts slowly over the supporting upper mantle layer is a A) caldera B) hot spot C) geological plate D) tropical oasis E) transform fault

Ay solid material (rock or organic) that settles out from a liquid is known as A) sediment B) ash C) a biofuel D) granite E) cinders

Love waves are a type of A) primary seismic wave B) surface wave C) pyroclastic flow D) folded rock E) lapilli

The following are all time units of the geological time scale except A) eons B) eras C) ages D) periods E) epochs

Gravitational forces within the earth, as well as heat and radioactive element recycling in the molten core, take place A) subduction B) deflection C) transformation D) convection E) divergent boundaries

An ocean trench is formed along the A) transform fault boundary of two colliding plates B) mid-Atlantic ridge C) distant edge boundary of two colliding pales D) divergent boundary of two colliding plates E) convergent boundary of two colliding plates

Primary waves, which bunch together and then move apart like an inchworm, are A) the slowest seismic waves B) the fastest seismic waves C) known as Rayleigh waves D) a type of surface wave E) the only wave to move thru air

The location directly above an earthquake hypocenter on the earth surface is the A) epicenter B) trench C) hypercenter D) surface trace E) ridge

A large earthquake occurs, on average, somewhere in the world each year of greater than A) 1.5 magnitude B) 2.0 magnitude C) 4.0 magnitude D) 5.2 magnitude E) 8.0 magnitude