pathogens

viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and (worms)

Bacteria are transmitted to humans through air, water, food, or living vectors, both direct and indirect transmission

bacteria realeses toxins that damage tissues and cause illness. These bacteria reproduce rapidly after entering the body

Typically, bacteria range from about 1 µm to about 5 µms.

viruses can be spread by via respiratory droplets, through contact with the bodily fluids of someone with the infection, as well as vectors and airborne transmission. A virus can be spread directly and indirectly.

Once you’re infected, viruses invade host cells within your body. They then use the components of the host cell to replicate, producing more viruses. a virus hijacks the cell by releasing its own genetic material and proteins into the host.

0.02 to 0.25 μm

Disease-causing fungi can enter your body through cuts, wounds, and burns. Infections are spread by direct skin contact (with humans or animals), or indirectly from contaminated articles on floors or in the soil.

When fungal organisms enter the body and the immune system is compromised these fungi grow, spread and invade into tissue and spread locally. Some organisms, especially yeast and some molds, can invade the blood vessels and cause infection in the bloodstream and distant organs.

2 to 10 µm

intimate body contact, faecal-oral transmission vector-borne transmission or predator-prey

1 μm in diameter and as large as 2,000 μm

through the mouth, eyes, nose, or urogenital openings, or through wounds or bites that breach the skin barrier.