Biodiversity
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Define abiotic factors
Non-living conditions in a habitat
Define belt transect
Two parallel lines are marked along the ground and samples are taken out of the area at specified points
Define biodiversity
The variety of living organisms present in an area
Define species
The smallest and most specific taxonomic group
Define Succession
The progressive replacement of one dominant type of species or community by another in an ecosystem, until a stable climax community is established.
Define intraspecific variation
The differences between organisms of the same species
Define interspecific varation
The difference between organisms of different species
Define monoculture
The cultivation of a single crop in a given area
Define normal distribution curve
The bell-shaped curve that results from plotting continuous variation data on a graph
Define correlation coefficient
Statistical test used to consider the relationship between two sets of data
Define keystone species
Species which are essential for maintaining biodiversity-they have a disproportionately large effect on their environment relative to their abundance
Define stratified sampling strategy
Populations are divided into strata based on a particular characteristic A random sample is then taken from each of the strata proportional to its size
Define random sampling
Sampling where each individual in the population has an equal likelihood of selection
Define kingdom
The second biggest and broadest taxonomic group
Define autotrophic
Organisms that acquire nutrients by photosynthesis
Define genetic bottleneck
When large numbers of a population die prior to reproducing leading to reduced genetic biodiversity within the population
Define mutation
A change in the genetic material of an organism which may affect the phenotype of an organism
Define community
All populations of living organisms in a particular habitat
What is the founder effect?
When a few individuals of a species colonise a new area, their offspring initially experience a loss in genetic variation and rare alleles become much more common within the population
Define discontinuous variation
A characteristic that can only result in certain discrete values
Give an example of discontinuous variation
Blood type
Define continuous variation
A characteristic that can take any value within a range
Give an example of continuous variation
Height Weight
Define divergent evolution
Species diverge over time into two different species, resulting in a new species becoming less like the original one